Social Network

A key concept of social capital is the notion of a network more or less dense inter-relationships between individuals and groups. People engage with others through lateral associations. This association should be voluntary and the same.

Social capital can not be generated by individuals acting alone. It depends on the tendency for the hospitality, the capacity to form new associations and networks. The social network happen thanks to the relation (Connectedness) between the individual and the community. Entanglement manifests in various types of groups at the local and at a higher level. Strong social networks among the members in the group is absolutely necessary to maintain synergy and cohesiveness. Moreover, if the shape of social capital is a formal group. The existence of networks of social relations between individuals in the social capital benefits in the context of common property resource management, because it makes coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit is, that’s what Putnam (1995) on the social network as an element of social capital .

As quoted in the book Badaruddin Nasution (2005), with the involvement of citizens in social networking will be a social unit / local organizations, it creates what is called Putnam (1995) with the ability to shift the collective interests of the citizens ‘me’ to ‘we’ terbangunlah compactness and solidarity among citizens. Social networks made up of five elements, which include: the participation, mutual exchange, solidaitas, cooperation, and justice (Lubis, 2001).

The concept of participation by Mikkelsen (Susiana, 2002) can be interpreted as a tool for personal development as well as the final destination. Both are one and the reality is often present at the same time though status, strategy and approach different methodology.

Participation will lead to self-esteem and personal skills to be able to participate in important decisions concerning the community at large. Participation also produces empowerment, where everyone is entitled to express their opinions in decisions concerning their lives. In social networking, participation plays a fairly important, because cooperation can occur in the community because of the participation of individuals.

Solidarity is a major factor in the glue of social relationships in a community. Because the sense of community can unite solidaritaslah perception of things they want to strive for. Referring to the theory of Emile Durkheim (1973), solidarity is composed of two types, namely mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. What distinguishes the two types of solidarity is the source of their solidarity, or what had brought them together.

The key is the division of labor. In solidarity with the people organist conditions tend to be very complex, each person has numerous job specialization, social capital arises not because of the similarity work / livelihood, but rather on other goals such as the struggle to obtain a decent education.

In mechanical solidarity, people tend to work together and emerge as social capital purposes related to their work, for example on the farmers or fishermen. Collective Conscience is the argument used to emphasize the difference between Durkheim’s mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. Collective conscience is the collective consciousness of the community members that they are part of a group, tribe or nation. What unites them is the feeling that the idea of ​​a person’s knowledge and will not result in significant benefits, depart from it they unite themselves together, assuming that the power of thoughts and ideas together would be more useful and have presure is more effective than individual .

Other elements of the social network is cooperation. Cooperation is something network joint venture between individuals or groups of people to achieve one or more goals. Almost in all human groups can be found the patterns of cooperation. Cooperation arises because an individual has the orientation of the group or to other groups.

Charles H. Cooley (Soekanto, 1997) describes collaboration as: Cooperation lead when people realize that they have the same interests and at the same time have enough knowledge and self penggendalian to meet those interests; awareness of the importance of common interest and the organization are important facts in a useful partnership.